Incamake
Kuzana ibikoresho vyo kwogeramwo vy’ivyuma biva mu Bushinwa biratanga umuti mwiza ku bacuruzi bo mu Buraya, abajejwe ubucuti, n’abacuruzi bo gusanasana inzu. Ariko rero, Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (UE) buragumya amategeko akomeye yerekeye ibikoresho vy’isuku-ukutavyubahiriza-bishobora gutuma ibintu birungikwa bifatwa, bitanga amande canke bikankwa kw’isoko.
Dushingiye ku mibare y’ubudandaji bwo hanze y’igihugu ya Eurostat ku bijanye n’ibikoresho vy’isuku (2024 Q1),Ubushinwa bufise 72% vy'ibikoresho vy'isuku vy'ivyuma biva hanze y'Uburaya, ashimika ku ruhara rwayo nk’umucuruzi nyamukuru.
Ivyubahirizwa vy'Ubumwe bw'ibihugu vy'Uburayi: Ibisabwa vy'ingenzi n'ingingo mfatirwako z'ubuhinga
Incamake y'inzego z'amategeko
CE Gushirako ikimenyetso
Ibisanzwe:RU 14688:2019
- Igipimo co kunywa amazi kiri munsi canke kingana na 0,5%
- Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka Burengeye canke bungana na 0.5 J
- Uguhangana n'imiti ku ISO 10545-12
REACH yubahiriza
Amabwirizwa:(CE) Oya 1907/2006
- Amabuye y'agaciro (Pb) Muto canke angana na 0.1% (w/w)
- Kadmiyumu (Cd) Iri munsi canke ingana na 0.01% (uburemere/uburemere)
- Merkuri (Hg) Iri munsi canke ingana na 0.005% (uburemere/uburemere)
Ukwubahiriza RoHS
Amabwirizwa:2011/65/Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
- Ivyuma vy'amabuye y'agaciro biri munsi canke bingana na 1000 ppm
- Chrome y'uburemere butandatu Iri munsi canke ingana na 1000 ppm
- Bikoreshwa ku bihimba vy'ivyuma
Ibisabwa mw'isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
Ibisobanuro vy'ubuhinga
- Ivyitegererezo vy'imiterere y'umubiri (uburebure: 5–7 cm)
- Umwanya-ubika ubwaguke (inci 14–18)
- Igishushanyo c'igikarabiro kimwe -
- Amazi akoreshwa neza (max litiro 6 ku munota)
Ivyo ukunda mw'isoko
- Umweru w'agahama (65% umugabane w'isoko)
- Imvi yoroshe (20%) n'amajwi atagira aho abogamiye (15%)
- Ivyo gushiramwo munsi (45%) n’ivyo hejuru (35%)
- Kubahiriza amabwirizwa y'amazi y'Ubumwe bw'ibihugu vy'Uburayi
Inkomoko EU-Abashinwa bakurikiza amategeko
Imirongo y'isoko
Urubuga rwa Alibaba
- "Umuguzi w'inzahabu" (nibura imyaka 3)
- "EU CE yemejwe" ikimenyetso co kugenzura
- Ubwishingizi bw’ubudandaji (nibura €50,000)
Yakozwe-mu-Ubushinwa.com
- "Ubumenyi bw'isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi" icemezo
- 3+ imyaka yoherezwa hanze mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
- EU-vyubahiriza amategeko y'ugupfunyika
Ugushaka amasoko y'uruganda
- Ubuhinga bwihariye mu karere ka Chaozhou
- Uruganda-igiciro gitaziguye (30–50% hasi)
- Igitigiri c'ibintu bishobora gusaba birenze canke bingana n'ibice 50
Amasezerano yo gusuzuma abaguzi
- Inyandiko za CE:Gusaba Itangazo ry'Uguhuza ryemewe ryashizweko umukono n'uwuserukira EU-yemerewe
- Igerageza rya REACH:Kugenzura ibipimo mu mezi 12 aheze hakoreshejwe raporo za laboratwari zemewe
- Ivyubahirizwa mu gupfunyika:Kwemeza ko amabwirizwa (EU) 2019/904 yubahirijwe
- Ibisabwa mu gusaba:Gushinga EU-MOQ yihariye n'akarorero k'ingingo mfatirwako
- Ivyerekeye umukiriya:Gusaba 2–3 vy'abaguzi b'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi kuva mu mezi 12 aheze
- Ukwizera uburyo:Baza ivyerekeye ibikorwa vyo gusuzuma imbere-ivyoherezwa
Igenamigambi ry'ivy'amafaranga n'ugucungera ingorane
Isesengura ry'igiciro: 100 Unit Urugero rwo kwinjiza hanze
Ibice vy'igiciro
| Igiciro ca FOB (ibice 100 × €25) | €2,500.00 |
| Ugutwara ibintu mu kiyaga | €800.00 |
| Ubwishingizi | €100.00 |
| Agaciro ka CIF | €3,400.00 |
| Ibikorwa (4,7% vya CIF) | €159.80 |
| IVA (19% Ubudage) | €676.36 |
Igiciro cose c'ubutaka
Yashikirijwe mu bubiko bw'ubudage
€42.36 ku kimwe
Amabwirizwa yo kwishura
Amategeko y'Ingano nto gushika hagati -<€50,000)
- 30% imbere y'igihe
- 70% y'amafaranga asigaye ku isuzuma ry'imbere-
Amategeko manini ( Arengeye canke angana na €50,000)
- Ikete ry'inguzanyo ridashobora gusubirwamwo riboneka
- Biciye mu bigo vy'amabanki bishingiye ku Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
Ukwizera uburyo
- Imbere-igenzura ry'ivyoherezwa (€200–€500)
- Igenzura ryo gushiramwo ikimenyetso ca CE
- Gusuzuma uburyo bw'ibara
- Ugushikama kw'ingero (±2mm kwihanganira)
- Amasaha 24 y'igerageza ry'ubushobozi bwo kuvuza
Ingamba zo gutwara ibintu n'ugutwara
| Uburyo bwo kohereza | Ugukwiriye kw'ijwi | Igiciro | Igihe co guca | Ivyambu vy'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FCL (Igikoresho c'amafuti 20) | 300+ irarohama | €1,800–€3,200 | Indwi 3-4 | Rotterdam, i Hambourg, i Anvers |
| LCL (Igito kurusha igikoresho) | 30-200 vy'ibikarabiro | €400–€900 | Indwi 4-5 | Cokimwe n'ivyo hejuru |
| Ugutwara ibintu mu ndege | 10-30 vy'amazi | €8–€12 ku kiro | Iminsi 3-5 | Igisagara ca Francufort, Pari, Amsterdam |
Ibisabwa mu nyandiko za gasutamo
Inyandiko zikenewe
- Inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi:Urutonde rw'ibintu rufise agaciro ka FOB/CIF n'itangazo ry'ukubahiriza
- Urutonde rwo gupakira:Ibisobanuro vy'ikarito bifise CE n'ibimenyetso vyo gupfunyika bishobora gusubirwamwo
- CE Itangazo ry’Uguhuza:Yashizweko umukono n'uwuserukira EU-yemerewe
- Raporo y'ikigeragezo ca REACH:Yasohowe n'ikigo cemewe na ISO/IEC 17025
- Icemezo c'inkomoko:CCPIT-yasohowe kubera amakori
- Ikete ry'ugutwara:Isuku mu bwato n'amakuru y'uwurungitswe
Uburyo bwo gutanga uburenganzira
- Imbere-Ivyashikirijwe:Utange ivyangombwa imisi 2-3 imbere y'uko imizigo ishika
- Igenzura rya duwani:5-10% vy'ivyoherezwa vyatowe kugira ngo bigenzurwe
- Ukwishura amakori n'IVA:Gutunganya mu misi 3 y'akazi inyuma y'aho urekuriwe
- Gusohoka kw'imizigo:Guhuza ibijanye no gushikana ibifungurwa mu gihugu igihe bisohotse muri gasutamo
Inyishu:Igenzura ry'imburakimazi ririmwo kwemeza inyandiko n'igerageza ry'akarorero ry'uko REACH yubahiriza ibintu
Post-Ukwizera uburyo bw'ibicuruzwa biva hanze n'ugutegura isoko
Post-Igenzura ry'Ivyagezwe
Igihe co gusuzuma n'uburyo bwo kubikora
- Gukora igenzura mu masaha 48 kuva ububiko bushitse
- Genzura ubwinshi ugereranije n'inyandiko zo gupakira
- Suzuma ivyononekaye (imivyimba, ibice, ivyononekaye)
- Wemeze ko ikimenyetso ca CE n'ivyo gushirako ikimenyetso vyubahiriza
- Inyandiko zabonetse zifise amafoto/ibimenyamenya vy'amasanamu
Uburyo bwo gusaba ivyononekaye
- Gufotora ibintu vyononekaye n'ivyo bipfunyitswe
- Dosiye y'ikirego n'uwutwara mu misi 3 y'akazi
- Wohereze ibimenyamenya (amafoto, urutonde rw'ivyo gupakira, ikimenyetso c'uko washitse)
- Gusaba gusubirizwa n'umuguzi ku masezerano
Gutegura isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
Ibisabwa mu gushirako ikimenyetso
- Izina ry'igicuruzwa n'inomero y'ikigereranyo
- Ikimenyetso ca CE (uburebure bwa 5mm)
- Ibisobanuro vy'ibikoresho
- Amakuru y'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Uburayi w'umuhinguzi
- Amabwirizwa y'indimi nyinshi (2+ indimi z'Ubumwe bw'ibihugu vy'Uburayi)
Ububiko n'ububiko
- Maintain 15–25℃ temperature control
- Kumenya neza ko ubukonje buri munsi canke bungana na 60%
- Koresha amapaleti afise ivyuma bikingira-ugunyerera
- Gushira mu ngiro indwi 8-10 zo gusubiramwo
- Gukoresha uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko bw'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
Ugucungera ingorane n'ugukomeza kwubahiriza
Kubika inyandiko zo kwubahiriza amategeko
| Ubwoko bw'inyandiko | Igihe co kubika | Ububiko |
|---|---|---|
| CE Itangazo ry'Uguhuza | Imyaka 10 | Ivya digitale n'ivy'umubiri |
| Raporo z'ikigeragezo ca REACH | Imyaka 10 | Ivya digitale n'ivy'umubiri |
| Amatangazo ya Duwani | Imyaka 7 | Digital |
| Inyemezabuguzi z'ubucuruzi | Imyaka 10 | Ivya digitale n'ivy'umubiri |
| Amasezerano y'abaguzi | Imyaka 10 | Ivya digitale n'ivy'umubiri |
Amabwirizwa y'ivugurura
Uburyo bwo kugenzura
- Iyandikishe ku kinyamakuru cemewe c'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
- Gukurikirana amabwirizwa y'isuku ya Komisiyo y'Uburaya
- Injira mw'ishirahamwe ry'ubwogero ryo mu Buraya
- Igenzura ry'abaguzi ryubahiriza amategeko (umwaka wose)
Urutonde rwo kugenzura ko vyubahirizwa
- Buri gihembwe: Gusubiramwo amahinduka y'amategeko y'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
- Bi-umwaka: Abaguzi bakurikiza ivyagezwe -isuzuma
- Umwaka: Gusubira kwemeza igerageza ry'ibicuruzwa
- Nk’uko bikenewe: Guhindura inyandiko z’ubuhinga
Ubumwe bw'ibihugu vy'Uburayi: Inyigisho z'abahinga
IKIBAZO CA 1: Mbega inomero ya EORI ni ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjize mu gihugu c’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi?
Egome.Abacuruzi bose bo mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bategerezwa kuba bafise inomero ya EORI ikora kugira ngo bashobore kwuzuza amatangazo ya duwane. Uburyo butandukanye hakurikijwe igihugu:
- Ubudage: DEXXXXXX
- Ubufaransa: FRXXXXXX
- Ubuholandi: NLXXXXXX
Gusaba biciye ku buyobozi bwa gasutamo bw’igihugu cawe canke ku rubuga rwa EU EORI-ugukora bifata imisi 3–5 y’akazi.
Ikibazo ca 2: Noshobora kwinjiza mu gihugu utuntu dutoduto (nk’akarorero, ibikoresho 10 vyo gukaraba) ku mugambi wo gusanura inzu?
Egome,ariko urabe ibi bisabwa bikurikira:
- LCL yoherezwa (igiciro: €400–€600 ku bikoresho 10 vyo gukaraba)
- Umubare wa EORI uracariho
- CE kwubahiriza itegeko ata kuraba ubwinshi
- IVA n’ibikorwa birakoreshwa (umuzigo wose w’ikori: ~24–25% y’agaciro ka CIF)
IKIBAZO CA 3: Bigenda gute iyo ivyo nrungitse bifunzwe na gasutamo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi?
Duwani izotanga "Itangazo ry'Ugufungwa" risobanura impamvu (nk'akarorero, kubura CE DoC, gukeka ko REACH idakurikiza-amategeko). Intambwe zo gutorera umuti:
- Gutanga ivyangombwa vyasabwe mu misi 5 y'akazi
- Niba ukuta-kwemejwe, amahitamwo arimwo:
- Uwugurisha asubira gukora (uwugurisha yikorera ibiciro)
- Gusubira mu Bushinwa (umuguzi ariwe yohereza)
- Gusambura (igiciro c'umucuruzi iyo umucuruzi ari ikosa)
IKIBAZO CA 4: Noba nkeneye uruhusha rwitandukanye rwo kugurisha ibikoresho vy’amazi vy’amabuye y’agaciro mu bihugu vyinshi vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi?
Oya.Igihe igikarabiro gifise ikimenyetso ca CE gifise akamaro, gishobora kugurishwa mu bihugu vyose bigize Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi (bishingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi y'uko "ibicuruzwa bishobora kwidegemvya"). Ariko:
- Kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gihugu cose (ibisobanuro vy'ururimi)
- Gukomeza raporo za CE DoC na REACH imyaka 10
- Gukurikirana ibisabwa vyo gukurikirana isoko ry'igihugu kimwekimwe cose
Ibintu nyamukuru vyo kuroranirwa mu kwinjira mw'isoko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi
Kubahiriza amategeko
Ikimenyetso ca CE, REACH, n'ukubahiriza RoHS ni ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gushika ku isoko
Ukwitaho kw'abaguzi
Gusuzuma neza abahinguzi b'ibintu mu Bushinwa bituma uburyo buhoraho n'uko bubahiriza amategeko
Ugutahura neza inyandiko
Ivyandiko vyuzuye kandi bitagiramwo uburyarya vya gasutamo birarinda gucerezwa n'ibindi bihembo
Iyi nzira yuzuye itanga abacuruzi bo mu Buraya ibikoresho n’ubumenyi bikenewe kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n’ingorane zo kwinjiza ibikoresho vyo mu bwogero vy’ivyuma biva mu Bushinwa mu gihe baguma bubahiriza bimwe bishitse ibisabwa n’amategeko y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi.
Ivyiyumviro vya nyuma ku bacuruzi bo mu Buraya
Iyi nkuru yasubiwemwo itanga uburyo burambuye, bwibanda ku kwubahiriza-bujanye n’amasoko y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyano, Esipanye, Ubuholandi, n’ibindi). Kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwinjiza ibintu mu gihugu bisaba kwitwararika cane ibisabwa n’amategeko, gusuzuma abaguzi, no gukora neza mu nyandiko kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuronka isoko n’ubudandaji.
